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What is a bootloader, and what is bootloading?
The bootloader is the little program that runs when you turn the Arduino on, or press the reset button. Its main function is to wait for the Arduino software on your computer to send it a new program for the Arduino, which it then writes to the memory on the Arduino. This is important, because normally you need a special device to program the Arduino. The bootloader is what enables you to program the Arduino using just the USB cable.
When we refer to "bootloading" the Arduino, we are talking about using a special device (called an In-System Programmer or ISP) to replace the bootloader software.
PIN OUT of ATMEGA 28 PIN IC
Why do I need to bootload the Arduino?
There are at least four reasons why you might need to do this:
- Your Arduino does not have a bootloader on it. This might happen if you have replaced the microcontroller with a new chip. This is unlikely to be the case with a Mini, since the chip is not replaceable, and all Minis have the bootloader installed when shipped.
- Replace the existing bootloader with a different bootloader. The bootloader on Arduinos prior to the Diecimila imposes a 10 second delay after resetting, while it waits for information from the Arduino software. This delay also occurs when the Arduino is powered up, or after programming. There are alternative bootloaders that eliminate these delays, including the Diecimila bootloader, the Adaboot bootloader, the LilyPad bootloader, and others. You can also download the source code and modify the bootloader yourself (see this page for more details and a link to the source). This is useful if you want your project to start up immediately, and especially useful if it receives serial input. If the bootloader receives any input during startup, it will think the Arduino software is trying to talk to it, and delay, possibly indefinitely, starting your program. Here is some info on alternative bootloaders.
- Not use a bootloader at all. The process for replacing the bootloader on the Arduino also lets you replace it entirely, with your own application. The advantages of doing this are that your application will start immediately, and it will give you an extra 2K of program memory. The disadvantage is that you will no longer be able to program your Arduino over USB - you will have to use the ISP (at least until you replace the bootloader).
- The existing bootloader has somehow become corrupted. This is extremely unlikely. However, it is possible that under some circumstances the Arduino flash memory may become corrupted, and you may not be able to program the Arduino normally. Reinstalling the bootloader may fix these problems. It's kind of like reformatting your computer's hard drive.
DIY Arduino Standalone Bootloader
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